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Ghulja incident
The Ghulja incident (, also referred to as the Ghulja Massacre) was the culmination of the Ghulja protests of 1997, a series of demonstrations〔"Xinjiang to intensify crackdown on separatists", China Daily, 10/25/2001〕 in the city of Ghulja (known as Yining (伊宁) in Chinese) in the Xinjiang autonomous region of China (PRC) beginning in early February 1997.
The protests were sparked by the news of the execution of 30 Uyghur independence activists〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Gulja Massacre )〕 as well as the crackdown on attempts to revive elements of traditional Uyghur culture, including traditional gatherings known as ''meshrep''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=China: Remember the Gulja massacre? China's crackdown on peaceful protesters )〕 On 5 February 1997, after two days of protests during which the protesters had marched shouting "God is great" and "independence for Xinjiang", and had reportedly been dispersed using clubs, water cannon, and tear gas,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Uighur Developments in the 1990s )〕 the demonstrations were crushed by the People's Liberation Army using gunfire.〔 Official reports put the death toll at 9, while dissident reports estimated the number killed at more than 100〔 and even as many as 167.
==Aftermath==
According to dissident sources, as many as 1,600 people〔 were arrested on charges of intending to "split the motherland", conducting criminal activity, fundamental religious activity, and counter-revolutionary activities following the crackdown 〔A report by Amnesty International documented as many as 190 execution (【引用サイトリンク】 title= Gross Violations of Human Rights in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region )〕
carried out in the years immediately following the incident in Xinjiang, overwhelmingly against Uyghurs. Rebiya Kadeer, who witnessed the Ghulja Incident, went on to become leader of the World Uyghur Congress.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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